Adolescents play video games as a social leisure activity, yet it is unclear whether peer influences play a role in spreading violent video game exposure (VVE) and aggression. It has been suggested that adolescents‘ aggression increases because of their friend’s exposure to violent video games. This study tests this suggestion by using longitudinal social network analyses to investigate selection and socialization of aggression owing to VVE. A total of 796 adolescents from 34 different classrooms were followed from grade 7 to grade 8 (Mage = 12.60 years, 51 percent male adolescents). Exposure to violent video games, physical aggression, and within-classroom friendships were assessed at both time points. Data were analyzed by means of stochastic actor-based modeling in RSiena to estimate the effects of VVE and aggressive behavior on changes in friendships (selection), and the effects of friendships on changes in participants‘ VVE and aggressive behavior (socialization). Results showed homotypic selection effects, that is, adolescents became friends with peers who were similar in aggression and similar in violent video game exposure. Furthermore, there was a homotypic socialization effect, as friends became more similar in aggression over time. Eribulin chemical structure Friends did not become more similar in VVE over time. Violent games played by friends did not increase adolescents‘ own aggressive behavior. This suggests that concerns about peer influences on violent video games are unwarranted. Future studies on socialization processes of VVE should focus on influences from closest friends and investigate behavior during actual play.The cynomolgus macaque is a non-human primate species widely used in drug metabolism studies. Despite the importance of genetic polymorphisms in cytosolic aldehyde oxidase (AOX) 1 in humans, genetic variants have not been investigated in cynomolgus or rhesus macaques.Genetic variants in AOX1 were identified and allele frequencies were assessed using the genomes of 24 cynomolgus and 8 rhesus macaques. The analysis identified 38 non-synonymous variants, some of which were unique to cynomolgus macaques (bred in Cambodia, Indochina, or Indonesia) or rhesus macaques, whereas many variants were shared by the two lineages.Among the variants observed at relatively high frequencies, eight were selected for functional analysis. Recombinant P605L and V1338I AOX1 variants showed substantially lower phthalazine and carbazeran oxidation activities than the wild-type AOX1 protein.In liver cytosolic fractions from cynomolgus and rhesus macaques genotyped for P605L and V1338I AOX1, groups of cytosolic fractions with P605L and/or V1338I AOX1 variants showed significantly lower phthalazine and carbazeran oxidation activities than the wild type.These results indicate that AOX1 is polymorphic in cynomolgus and rhesus macaques, just as it is in humans. Further investigation is needed to reveal the functional significance of these AOX1 variants in drug metabolism.Community detection in social networks is one of the advertising methods in electronic marketing. One of the approaches to find communities in large social networks is to use greedy methods, because these methods perform very fast. Greedy methods are generally designed based on local decisions; thus, inappropriate local decisions may result in an improper global solution. The use of a greedy improved index with a futuristic approach can, to some extent, prevent inappropriate local choices. Our proposed method determines the influential nodes in the social network based on the followers and following and new futuristic greedy index. It classifies the nodes based on the influential nodes by the density-based clustering algorithm with a new distance function. The proposed method can improve clustering precision to detect communities by the futuristic greedy approach. We implemented the proposed algorithm with the map-reduce technique in the Hadoop structure. Experimental results in datasets show that the average of the rand index of clusters was accomplished by 99.32% in the proposed method. link2 In addition, these results illustrate that there is a reduction in execution time by the proposed algorithm.Objective The objective of this research was to study the role of music listening by mothers during a cesarean section and the postpartum period to achieve exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months. Methods and Study Design This was a prospective, observational, randomized controlled trial study. A total of 185 singleton pregnant women, in at least 37 weeks of gestation, who were appointed for elective cesarean sections, were recruited. They were randomized into three groups, including pregnant women who did not listen to music (Group 1), listened to music during cesarean section (Group 2), and listened to music during cesarean section and the postpartum room for the first 2 days (Group 3). link3 The breastfeeding results of all three groups were followed up at 7 days, 14 days, and then at months 1, 2, 3, and 6. Results Success in exclusive breastfeeding among Groups 1, 2, and 3 and Groups 1 and 2 + 3 was not different in every lactating period (7 days-6 months). From subgroup analysis, mothers who listened to music in a private ward had more success in exclusive breastfeeding than those in a common ward. Mothers who listened to music and had an income of less then 20,000 baht, an educational level lower than university, planned the pregnancy, had their first pregnancy, and stayed in a private ward had more successful exclusive breastfeeding in a 6-month period than those mothers who did not listen to music, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions Music listening by mothers during a cesarean section and in the postpartum ward did not enhance exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of the postpartum period. However, from subgroup analysis, mothers who listened to music in a private ward had more success in exclusive breastfeeding than those in a common ward. Thai Clinical Trials Registry number was TCTR20180712001.Purpose Language sample collection and analysis provides important information regarding the language abilities of individuals for whom standardized testing may not be appropriate, such as persons who use augmentative and alternative communication (PWUAACs). Despite its clinical utility, language sample collection and analysis has not been fully incorporated into the assessment of PWUAACs due to a variety of challenges. This study seeks to investigate the ability of language sample collection and analysis to provide clinically relevant information and explore ways to circumvent language sample collection and analysis challenges for PWUAACs. Method This is a case study of the narratives of two PWUAACs, one child and one adult. Analyses were conducted using manual calculations and computerized language sample analysis software (i.e., Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts and Child Language Exchange System) and Realize Language. Conclusion Although the language samples took longer to complete relative to verbal controls, the information obtained from language sample collection and analysis provided valuable insight into the language system of the two participants that would not be revealed through standardized language assessment, including the distribution of their parts of speech and syntactic complexity. Given the important clinical data that may be obtained through language sample collection and analysis, we propose strategies to enable clinicians to overcome previously identified challenges.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (neo-CRT) prior to surgery is the standard of care for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) patients. Unfortunately, most patients fail to respond to treatment. MiR-187 was previously shown to be downregulated in neo-CRT non-responders, whist

miR-187 overexpression enhanced radiosensitivity and upregulated

. This study evaluates the role of miR-187 and downstream PI3K signalling in radiation response in OAC.

The effect of miR-187 overexpression on downstream PI3K signalling was evaluated in OAC cell lines by qPCR and Western blotting.

expression was analysed in OAC pre-treatment biopsies of neo-CRT responders and non-responders. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K using GDC-0941 was evaluated in combination with radiotherapy in two-dimensional and three-dimensional OAC models

and as a single agent

. Radiation response

was assessed via clonogenic assay.

PTEN expression was significantly decreased in neo-CRT non-responders. MiR-187 overexpression significantly upreventional neo-CRT.

Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine (Sinovac Biotech) is a quadrivalent split-virion-inactivated influenza vaccine approved in China in June 2020 for individuals ≥3years of age. It contains 15µg hemagglutinin per strain including A/H1N1, A/H3N2, B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata, which could potentially improve protection against influenza B viruses.

In this review, we summarize the development of quadrivalent influenza vaccines in China and foreign countries, and assess the immunogenicity and safety from the phase I and III clinical trials of Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in individuals ≥3years of age. We also discuss the potential application of Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in young children 6-35months of age according to the results of the phase III trial.

The immunogenicity and safety profiles of Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine containing two A and two B strains were comparable to the trivalent vaccines for the shared strains. The addition of a second B strain to the trivalent vaccine could induce superior immune responses for the alternate B strain. Since the two B strains co-circulated worldwide, the introduction of quadrivalent influenza vaccines has been expected to be a cost-effective strategy.

The immunogenicity and safety profiles of Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine containing two A and two B strains were comparable to the trivalent vaccines for the shared strains. The addition of a second B strain to the trivalent vaccine could induce superior immune responses for the alternate B strain. Since the two B strains co-circulated worldwide, the introduction of quadrivalent influenza vaccines has been expected to be a cost-effective strategy.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) association remains one of the most important predictors of clinical outcome in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). We aimed to determine whether the relationship between HPV status and overall survival was influenced by socioeconomic factors.

Using the National Cancer Database, we examined the relationship between socioeconomic status and overall survival, controlling for demographics and socioeconomic variables (age at diagnosis, race, sex, clinical stage, facility type, facility location, insurance status, median-income quartiles, percent of no high-school education quartiles, rural-urban dwelling, Charlson-Deyo score, primary site, and treatment type).

HPV-positive patients with private insurance have improved overall survival compared with HPV-positive patients who are uninsured (hazard ratio [HR], 0.51, 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.63,

< .001). HPV-negative patients with private insurance have improved overall survival compared with HPV-negative patients who were uninsured (HR, 0.