Infections caused substantial damage to the host’s branchial chamber and gill filaments. Parasitized gobies also had larger livers and smaller gonads than unparasitized individuals of similar length. The changes in organ mass of infected gobies were not sizeable enough to affect total body mass, and host condition (the body-length vs. body-mass relationship) was similar for gobies with and without infections. Parasitized gobies were, however, significantly smaller in body mass at a given age, reflecting slower overall growth. Effects of P. tortugensis on individual hosts were broadly similar to those of other parasitic copepods that infect fish gills and, for unknown reasons, the BVI appears to be a persistent hotspot of infections on these goby hosts.Social insects have evolved different search strategies to find target objects in unknown environments. In the present study, the searching behavior of the tropical fire ant Solenopsis geminata was investigated in a circular arena. The average time, search path, speed, and search patterns of worker ants in a circular arena were determined. The results showed that fire ant workers followed six major search patterns. The variation in the searching patterns of workers may explain the different levels of exploration. Most workers (56.8%) tended to search in small loops and progressively increase the search area size. These workers mostly turned in one direction, either clockwise or counterclockwise. More workers turned in a consistent pattern than in an inconsistent pattern. Moving speed was also higher in workers that maintained their turning directions than in those that changed directions. We thus propose that following search patterns consisting of loops of increasing size may be an effective strategy. The tropical fire ant S. geminata is a globally invasive species that was introduced to Taiwan 40 years ago and has continued to threaten residents. Based on behavioral studies of S. geminata, we may gain a better understanding of their exploratory behavior in the ecosystem in Taiwan.

Wound healing processes are dependent on the severity of the trauma, invasion of opportunistic microorganisms, and inflammatory, immunological, and metabolic responses. We tried to show the ability of algae to inhibit wound infection, which can lead to proper wound healing.

Eighty rats were housed according to laboratory animal care protocols and divided into four groups at each operating time. Group I consisted of the non-treated animals. Group II was treated with 25% zinc oxide as a choice treatment. In the treated groups 3 and 4, an equal ratio of Gracilaria Corticata and Scenedesmus acuminate marine algae (mixed algae) was applied as 3% and 7% ointment pomade. Percentage of wound closure, number of bacteria in the wound surface, angiogenesis (Vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGF), the number of macrophages, collagen production level and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), epithelialization, and fibrosis were evaluated.

Applying mixed algae extract 7% and zinc oxide 25% could result in a mildimals.

Traffic accident injury is one of the global leading causes of death and an important public health problem. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive factors of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at the scene in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to traffic accidents.

This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on cases of OHCA due to traffic accident, who were resuscitated at the scene by emergency medical services (EMS) in Bankok, Thiland, from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020 (1 year). Patients were divided into two groups of with and without ROSC and independent predictive factors of outcome were evaluated.

2400 OHCA cases met the inclusion criteria, among them, 1728 (72.0%) achieved ROSC at the scene. Facial injury (adjusted OR = 2.17, 95%CI 1.37-3.44, p = 0.001); prehospital airway management using bag valve mask (adjusted OR = 1.69, 95%CI 1.21-2.34, p = 0.002), and endotracheal tube (adjusted OR = 3.88, 95%CI 1.84-8.18, p <0.001); and prehospital fluid therapy using normal saline (adjusted OR = 4.24, 95%CI 3.12-5.77, p <0.001), ringer lactate (adjusted OR = 5.13, 95%CI 3.47-7.61, p <0.001), and other solutions (adjusted OR = 5.25, 95%CI 2.16-12.8, p <0.001) were independent predictive factors of ROSC at the scene in OHCA due to traffic accidents.

Based on the findings, the rate of ROSC at the scene for cases with OHCA due to traffic accidents, serviced by EMS was high, i.e., 72%, and three independent predictive factors of ROSC at the scene were facial injury, prehospital airway management, and prehospital fluid management.

Based on the findings, the rate of ROSC at the scene for cases with OHCA due to traffic accidents, serviced by EMS was high, i.e., 72%, and three independent predictive factors of ROSC at the scene were facial injury, prehospital airway management, and prehospital fluid management.

Since the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, several articles have reported the co-existence of mucormycosis and COVID-19. This study aimed to distinguish the characteristics of COVID-19-associated rhinocerebral mucormycosis.

In this case series, 18 patients with COVID-19-associated rhinocerebral mucormycosis and unique clinical manifestations and outcomes, who were referred to Amiralam Hospital, a tertiary otorhinolaryngology center, Tehran, Iran, during the COVID-19 era, were reported.

Eighteen patients with the mean age of 62.0 ± 11.6 (range 42 – 83) years were studied (50% males). The mean time interval between diagnosis of COVID-19 and first manifestation of mucormycosis was 15.5 ± 9.7 days. The most common presenting symptom was facial paresthesia (72.2%). Fifty percent of patients developed frozen eye. Palatal necrosis was seen in 7 cases (38.8%). Remarkably, facial paralysis was observed in 5 (27.7%) patients. Another notable clinical picture was cavernous sinus thrombosis, seen in 7 patients. We also had two cases of carotid artery occlusion. Three patients, unfortunately, passed away.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is one of the most important complications of COVID-19 patients, especially those with underlying diseases. It seems that the key to proper management of mucormycosis is early diagnosis and timely intervention, which could give a patient a chance to live more.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is one of the most important complications of COVID-19 patients, especially those with underlying diseases. It seems that the key to proper management of mucormycosis is early diagnosis and timely intervention, which could give a patient a chance to live more.

Anal abscess is considered as a relatively common compilation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of recurrent anal abscess in T2DM patients.

In this 4-year retrospective cross-sectional study, T2DM patients hospitalized due to anal abscess in Shahid Modarres Hospital, Tehran, Iran from December 2016 to December 2020 were studied. The independent risk factors of disease recurrence were determined among demographic factors, underlying diseases, diabetes-related factors, clinical factors, laboratory parameters, abscess type, and culture using multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis.

203 patients were enrolled in the study. fMLP in vitro 58 (28.6%) patients had at least one re-occurrence of anal abscess during four years. The recurrent episodes had occurred more frequently in the first year after the initial treatment (55.2%). The prevalence of comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, end stage renal disess reoccurrence is high.

Th recurrence rate of anal abscess in this series was 28.6 %. It seems that in T2DM patients with uncontrolled diabetes who have metabolic syndrome and increased CRP and WBC in their routine tests, the probability of anal abscess reoccurrence is high.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has directly affected global healthcare, especially the front-line of healthcare provision, including emergency medical services (EMS). The present study aimed to compare EMS processing times and the number of acute stroke patients serviced by EMS before and during COVID-19 pandemic.

This is a retrospective observational review of Bangkok Surgico Medical Ambulance and Rescue Team (S.M.A.R.T.) EMS data from 2018 to 2021. The EMS processing times and the number of acute strokes were compared between pre-COVID-19 era (January 1st, 2018, and December 31st, 2019) and during COVID-19 pandemic (January 1st, 2020, and December 31st, 2021).

The number of stroke patients transported by EMS in one year, before and during COVID-19 pandemic was 128 and 150 cases, respectively (Change difference = 17.2%, 95% CI 11.1-24.9). However, the average number of acute stroke patients per week was not significantly different (p = 0.386). The mean total EMS processing times before and during COVID-19 era were 25.59 ± 11.12 and 45.47 ± 14.61 minutes, respectively (mean difference of 19.88 (95% CI 16.77-22.99) minutes; p < 0.001). The mean time from symptom onset to EMS arrival (p < 0.001), the mean call time (p < 0.001), the mean response time (p < 0.001), and the mean scene time (p < 0.001) were significantly higher during COVID-19 period. The mean transportation times for stroke patients was similar before and during COVID-19 pandemic (10.14 ± 6.28 and 9.41 ± 6.31 minutes, respectively; p = 0.338).

During COVID-19 pandemic, the number of acute stroke patients serviced by EMS increased substantially, but there was no difference in the average number of patients per week. During the pandemic, EMS processing times markedly increased.

During COVID-19 pandemic, the number of acute stroke patients serviced by EMS increased substantially, but there was no difference in the average number of patients per week. During the pandemic, EMS processing times markedly increased.

Family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is one of the elements where family-centered care is practiced. This study aimed to investigate the attitudes of Iranian emergency nurses and patients‘ family members regarding the presence of family during CPR.

In a cross-sectional study, 350 emergency nurses and 254 family members of patients admitted to the emergency department of an educational hospital in Iran were enrolled. Data were collected from May to November 2020 using convenience sampling and using a 27-item questionnaire of participants‘ attitudes towards family presence during CPR.

The mean attitude scores of nurses and family members of patients regarding family presence during CPR were 86.79 ± 7.50 and 92.48 ± 6.77, respectively (p < 0.001). The highest and lowest mean scores of nurses‘ attitude towards family presence during CPR were related to „CPR performance will be negatively influenced“ and „Family members have the right to be present during CPR of their relatives/ Allows relatives to stay with the patient until the end/ Makes the patient less worried „, respectively. The highest and lowest mean scores of family members‘ attitude towards family presence during CPR were related to „Family members may interfere with CPR“ and “ May be beneficial to the relatives‘ grieving process „, respectively.

Overall, the results of this study showed that the attitude of emergency nurses and patients‘ family members towards family presence during CPR was positive. Of course, the mean attitude score of nurses in this regard was significantly lower.

Overall, the results of this study showed that the attitude of emergency nurses and patients‘ family members towards family presence during CPR was positive. Of course, the mean attitude score of nurses in this regard was significantly lower.