values are useful in predicting plaque risk as attenuation.BACKGROUND Bilateral simultaneous quadriceps tendon rupture is a relatively rare injury, more commonly seen in patients older than 50 years and is usually associated with underlying metabolic or inflammatory diseases. CASE REPORT We report the case of an otherwise healthy, 42-year-old man who sustained a bilateral, quadriceps tendon rupture while he was trying to pound a branch of an olive tree into the ground. On clinical examination, a defect in both proximal patella poles was found on palpation, with complete discontinuity of the extensor apparatus. A meticulous surgical repair was performed using 3 bone anchors with an uneventful postoperative rehabilitation. A biopsy specimen taken at surgery showed evidence of chronic inflammation. He had a second episode while walking fast on the beach 3.5 months postoperatively, and presented again with bilateral quadriceps rupture. He was successfully managed with bilateral allograft reconstructions, showing a very good outcome at 18 months of follow-up. Our systematic literature review covering a 20-year period (2000-2020) revealed 10 articles on bilateral quadriceps ruptures in 14 healthy patients without comorbidities. All these injuries occurred in males, with a mean age of 56.8 years, during walking, descending stairs, or participating in recreational sports; the functional outcome was good to excellent in most cases, without any reported re-ruptures. To the best of our knowledge, no similar case has been reported in the literature. CONCLUSIONS Bilateral quadriceps tendons rupture is a rare injury, especially in young patients without associated comorbidities. The risk of recurrence is low, but when it occurs, more complex techniques of reconstruction are needed.

Horse-related activities are increasingly popular among young people but are frequently associated with severe injuries requiring hospital treatment. There are few data on the incidence of equestrian injuries, especially in child populations, or on means of prevention. Thus, this study’s purpose was to highlight the epidemiological data on specific injuries due to equestrianism and serve as the groundwork for future studies on the prevention of equestrian accidents.

A retrospective study collected data on all children younger than 16 years old who attended our regional emergency department after involvement in an equestrian accident. The study covered the periods from 1990 to 2003 and 2011 to 2018. Twenty-two years of data on trauma circumstances, injury patterns (mechanism, anatomic site, and severity), treatment protocols, and hospital lengths of stay were analyzed.

This study confirmed that more young females participating in equestrian sports attended our emergency department than males. The leading cause of equestrian injury was falling from a horse (80.2%). Orthopaedic injuries represented around 60% of all reported lesions, far ahead of head injuries (30%). More than half of the injured children required hospitalization for inpatient medical care, and almost 50% of these underwent a surgical procedure, especially for upper extremity fractures (72% of all fractures). One patient died due to severe cerebral injury.

Horse riding injuries occur more frequently and are more serious than in many other sporting activities. There is an urgent need to reassess preventive measures to reduce the incidence and severity of equestrian injuries.

Level IV.

Level IV.

Sports injuries have increased dramatically in the pediatric and adolescent population. Return-to-sport testing and criteria are increasingly utilized, however, the guidelines for return to play in adolescents are unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare strength and function at the time of the return-to-sport progression to those with and without a failed anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

A total of 105 adolescent patients with primary ACLR were assessed at the time of return to sport. We identified graft failures/contralateral injury through medical records, clinic visits, or phone interviews at minimum 2 years of postsurgical follow-up. All patients completed bilateral isokinetic strength tests of the knee extensor/flexor groups and hop tests. Strength was expressed as torque-normalized-to-mass (Nm/kg), and limb-symmetry-index was expressed as a percentage of the uninvolved limb’s strength. All patients completed outcome surveys. The χ2 analysis was used to compare failures betgrafts compared with those without reinjury (P=0.028).

Adolescent patients who sustained ACLR graft failure had greater and more symmetric quadriceps strength at the time of return to sport compared with patients with no secondary injury. Objective measures of quadriceps strength at the time of the return-to-sport progression may not solely identify individuals that have a secondary ACL injury.

Level IV-retrospective cohort study.

Level IV-retrospective cohort study.

The correlation between the number, size, and location of cannulated screws and the incidence of avascular necrosis (AVN) in children with femoral neck fractures treated surgically is uncertain.

We retrospectively reviewed 153 children (mean age 10.6±3.7 y) with femoral neck fractures treated by internal fixation with 2 (n=112) or 3 (n=41) cannulated screws. The severity of initial displacement was divided into incomplete (type I) and complete (type II, angulation <50 degrees; type III, angulation >50 degrees) fractures. The diameter of the screw was measured and recorded as a percentage of the femoral neck width. The distance (D) between the mid-point of each screw at the base (B) of the femoral neck and at the tip (T) of each screw and the superior and anterior cortices of the femoral neck, respectively, were measured on anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (L) radiographs. Values were expressed as the ratio between the measured distance and the width of the femoral neck (BDAP%, TDAP%, BDL%, and TDL%). The correlation between the number, size, and location of the screws and AVN was analyzed.

Patients with type II of initial displacement treated with 2 cannulated screws had a lower AVN rate (21.4%) than those treated with 3 screws (44.8%) (P=0.027). Screw diameter (19%) in patients with AVN was larger than (17%) in patients without AVN (P<0.001); patients with AVN had a lower BDAP% (48.6%) than those without AVN (56.4%) (P<0.001). Screw size and BDAP% were risk factors for AVN (P<0.05). Further, screw diameter >16.5% and BDAP% <51.6% of the femoral neck width were the cutoff values for an increased AVN rate (P<0.05).

Patients treated with 2 cannulated screws showed a lower rate of AVN than patients treated with 3 screws. Screws of larger size and screws closer to the piriformis fossa on AP radiographs increased the risk of AVN in children with femoral neck fractures treated surgically.

Level III.

Level III.

Predictors of outcomes in adolescent athletes undergoing hip arthroscopy have not been established. The purpose of this study was to identify factors correlated with achieving the Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State (PASS) for the Hip Outcome Score-Sports Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS) at a minimum 5-year follow-up in adolescent athletes undergoing primary hip arthroscopy.

Data were reviewed on adolescent (below 18 y old) athletes who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome between March 2008 and October 2015. Patients were included if they participated in sport within 1 year before surgery and had preoperative, 2-year, and minimum 5-year postoperative patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores for the modified Harris Hip Score, HOS-SSS, Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS), and Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS). Patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether they achieved PASS for HOS-SSS. Demographics, intraoperative findings, radiographic variables, surgical treatments, anperative VAS pain scores were correlated with achieving the PASS for HOS-SSS at a minimum 5-year follow-up. Patients with 2-year postoperative VAS ≤2 were significantly more likely to achieve the PASS at 5-year follow-up than those with scores >2.

Level III-case-control study.

Level III-case-control study.

Supracondylar humerus fractures are the most commonly operated upper extremity fracture in pediatric orthopaedics, yet there does not currently exist a standardized recommendation for a postoperative protocol. As advanced practice providers take on larger roles in the care of fracture patients, it may alleviate confusion to standardize postoperative protocols. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes between three different postoperative management protocols following operative fixation of supracondylar humerus fractures.

This is a retrospective study of all patients who underwent operative fixation of a supracondylar humerus fracture during the 2014 to 2015 academic year. Postoperative protocols were classified as either „liberal,“ „intermediate,“ or „conservative,“ based on how quickly the surgeon allowed unrestricted motion of the elbow postoperatively. Patients were evaluated for range of motion, functional elbow motion, and elbow clinical function, as well for postoperative complications. selleck chemicals llc Univar busy orthopaedic center.

This study is a level III therapeutic study. It is a retrospective study that compares the outcomes after following 1 of 3 different postoperative protocols.

This study is a level III therapeutic study. It is a retrospective study that compares the outcomes after following 1 of 3 different postoperative protocols.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has changed virtually every aspect of modern life, and medicine is no exception. Pediatric cardiology is both a perceptual and a cognitive subspecialty that involves complex decision-making, so AI is a particularly attractive tool for this medical discipline. This review summarizes the foundational work and incremental progress made as AI applications have emerged in pediatric cardiology since 2020.

AI-based algorithms can be useful for pediatric cardiology in many areas, including (1) clinical examination and diagnosis, (2) image processing, (3) planning and management of cardiac interventions, (4) prognosis and risk stratification, (5) omics and precision medicine, and (6) fetal cardiology. Most AI initiatives showcased in medical journals seem to work well in silico, but progress toward implementation in actual clinical practice has been more limited. Several barriers to implementation are identified, some encountered throughout medicine generally, and others specific to pediatric cardiology.

Despite barriers to acceptance in clinical practice, AI is already establishing a durable role in pediatric cardiology. Its potential remains great, but to fully realize its benefits, substantial investment to develop and refine AI for pediatric cardiology applications will be necessary to overcome the challenges of implementation.

Despite barriers to acceptance in clinical practice, AI is already establishing a durable role in pediatric cardiology. Its potential remains great, but to fully realize its benefits, substantial investment to develop and refine AI for pediatric cardiology applications will be necessary to overcome the challenges of implementation.