Humans‘ creativity led to machines that outperform human capabilities in terms of workload, effectiveness, precision, endurance, strength, and repetitiveness. It has always been a vision and a way to transcend the existence and to give more sense to life, which is precious. The common denominator of all these creations was that they were meant to replace, enhance or go beyond the mechanical capabilities of the human body. The story takes another bifurcation when Alan Turing introduced the concept of a machine that could think, in 1950. Artificial intelligence, presented as a term in 1956, describes the use of computers to imitate intelligence and critical thinking comparable to humans. However, the revolution began in 1943, when artificial neural networks was an attempt to exploit the architecture of the human brain to perform tasks that conventional algorithms had little success with. Artificial intelligence is becoming a research focus and a tool of strategic value. The same observations apply in the field of healthcare, too. In this manuscript, we try to address key questions regarding artificial intelligence in medicine, such as what artificial intelligence is and how it works, what is its value in terms of application in medicine, and what are the prospects?

the aim of our study is to determine, from data of the Moroccan register of biotherapies, the factors influencing the choice of the first prescribed biological treatment.

cross-sectional multicenter study including rheumatoid arthritis patients who were initiated the first biological treatment either Rituximab, an anti-TNF, or Tocilizumab. The determinants related to the patient and disease have been gathered. A univariate and then multivariate analysis to determine the factors associated with the choice of the first bDMARDs was realized.

a total of 225 rheumatoid arthritis patients were included in the Moroccan registry. The mean age was 52 ± 11 years, with female predominance 88% (n = 197). The first prescribed biological treatment was Rituximab 74% (n = 166), the second one was Tocilizumab, 13.6% (n = 31) then comes the anti-TNF in 3

position with 12.4% (n = 28). The factors associated with the choice of Rituximab as the first line bDMARDs prescribed in univariate analysis were the insurance type, the positivity of the rheumatoid factor. In multivariate analysis, only the insurance type that remains associated with the choice of Rituximab as the first biological drugs. The Tocilizumab was associated with shorter disease duration and was more prescribed as mono-therapy compared to non Tocilizumab group. TNFi was associated with the insurance type.

our study suggests that Rituximab and TNFi are associated with the type of insurance and Tocilizumab is the most prescribed biologic mono-therapy in RA patients. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.

our study suggests that Rituximab and TNFi are associated with the type of insurance and Tocilizumab is the most prescribed biologic mono-therapy in RA patients. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.

incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADR) associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) was higher in developing countries. In two teaching hospital in Ethiopia Debremarkose 23% and Yirgalem 73.2% of study participants reported at least one ADR. Since there was limited information about ADR in the study area; we aimed to determine its incidence-rate and predictors.

we conducted retrospective cohort study using medical records of HIV-infected patients enrolled on ART between 2006 and 2017 in government hospitals of Ethiopia. ADR was defined as report of at least one unwanted response to ART. We run descriptive and cox regression analysis (CRA).

incidence-rate of ADR was 4.1 per 100 person-years (py). Hazards of ADR among patients living at rural was almost two times than at urban; [Adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1.94(95% (CI) 1.18, 3.20)]. Stavudine (D4T)-Lamivudine (3TC)-Nevirapine (NVP) had about two times [AHR 1.78(95%CI 1.03, 3.08)], Zidovudine(AZT)-3TC-NVP had about two times [AHR 2.34 (95%CI 1.20, 4.57)], D4T-3TC-Efaviranze(EFV) had about three times [AHR 2.86(95%CI 1.38, 5.95)] and AZT-3TC-EFV had about two times [AHR 2.16(95%CI 1.21,3.90)] hazards of ADR than Tenofovir(TDF) based regimens. Being WHO clinical stage III had about two times hazard of ADR [AHR 2.46 (95%CI 1.22, 4.95)] and IV had about four times hazard of ADR [AHR 4.32 (95%CI 1.88, 9.93)] than stage I.

risk of ADR was higher among adult HIV-infected patients on ART living in rural, WHO clinical stage III and IV, and patients on AZT and D4T based regimen. Pterostilbene AZT should not be given as an alternative treatment, increase access of TDF regimens.

risk of ADR was higher among adult HIV-infected patients on ART living in rural, WHO clinical stage III and IV, and patients on AZT and D4T based regimen. AZT should not be given as an alternative treatment, increase access of TDF regimens.The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical, radiological, histological and therapeutic features of breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy. We performed a review of all medical records of patients with breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy in the Maternity and Neonatal Center, Monastir-Tunisia, over the period 2004-2019. We collected data on 15 cases. The average age of patients was 34 years; most pregnancy-associated breast cancers (PABCs) had been diagnosed during the postpartum period. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the major histological type (93% of cases), a rare case of secretory breast carcinoma had been observed. The main clinical stages were T2 and T4 breast cancer. Hormone receptor (HR)-negative breast cancers had been reported in 40% of cases, HER2-positive breast cancers in 26.6% of cases. Treatment included surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and palliative chemotherapy. The median overall survival was 32.2 months. Pregnancy-associated breast cancer is a rare entity. Patients‘ prognosis is generally poor due to the young age at onset and a usually delayed diagnosis. Patients should participate in therapeutic decision making, which is difficult and multidisciplinary. Targeted therapy is the great hope for new therapies.

coronary artery disease seem common in stroke patients. We aimed to determine the prevalence of coronary artery disease in stroke survivors followed at the Borgou-Alibori Departmental University Hospital (CHUD/B-A).

this was a cross-sectional study, conducted from March 1 to August 31, 2019. It included all stroke patients, aged ≥ 18 years, received in the neurology unit of CHUD-B/A between January 2012 and July 2019, having survived the acute phase, and from whom written informed consent or that of a guardian (severely disabled patients) has been obtained. An individual interview, anthropometric measurements, a physical examination, an electrocardiogram record and a review of the medical record were performed. The coronary artery disease was defined by a documented history, suggestive ST/T and/or Q abnormalities (Minnesota criteria) or a positive angina screening questionnaire. The factors associated with coronary artery disease were investigated by logistic regression.

a total of 101 patients were included with an average age of 57.2 ± 10.5 years. The median time since stroke onset was 11 months (interquartile range [2.0-23.5]). Ischemic stroke predominated (57.4%). The prevalence of coronary artery disease was estimated at 49.5%. The factors associated were lack of school education (p=0.036), obesity (0.036) and former tobacco use (p=0.044).

this study shows a high frequency of coronary artery disease in stroke patients. It is important to detect coronary artery disease in this target population in order to improve the management.

this study shows a high frequency of coronary artery disease in stroke patients. It is important to detect coronary artery disease in this target population in order to improve the management.Candidiasis is an acute or subacute fungal infection caused by fungi that belongs to candida genus, with Candida albicansbeing the most frequent causative agent. Candida kefyr is a rare cause of candidiasis which has been reported in systemic candidiasis and deep infections. However, to date, it has never been reported as a cause in dermatophytosis. We report a case of candidiasis caused by Candida kefyr in a 72-year-old woman with a chief complaint of pruritic erythematous rash on the back from one day prior to admission. Diagnosis was established based on clinical features, direct microscopic examination with 10% potassium hydroxide solution, gram staining. The fungal species was determined by carbohydrate fermentation test which showed a positive result for Candida kefyr. The patient was treated with miconazole cream and fusidic cream and showed significant clinical improvement.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) significantly increases the life expectancy of HIV positive people by improving quality of life as well as enabling them to resume sexual activity. A growing number of people living with HIV became a source of exposure to sexually transmitted infections, including other strains of HIV that place others at risk unless they consistently use condoms. This study assessed the magnitude of unprotected sexual practices and associated factors among adult people living with HIV on ART in public hospitals of the Kembata Tembaro Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

a facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adult people living with HIV on ART in public hospitals of the zone from March 1-30, 2016. Data were collected by a pretested and structured questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to investigate variables, independently associated with the outcome variable. The adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI used to show the strength of the association and a P-value < 0.05 was used to declare the cut-off point in determining the level of significance.

the study revealed that 40.9% of respondents practiced unprotected sexual intercourse. On multivariate logistic regression analyses, being females, having more than one sexual partner, mean monthly income of <530 Ethiopian birrs/ month, those who had a seropositive partner, a partner of unknown serostatus, and respondents who had insufficient knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention were statically significant with the outcome variable.

the scarcity of knowledge on HIV transmission, negative attitude towards condom use, non-disclosure status and having more than one sexual partnership increased likelihood of have unprotected sex among the respondents.

the scarcity of knowledge on HIV transmission, negative attitude towards condom use, non-disclosure status and having more than one sexual partnership increased likelihood of have unprotected sex among the respondents.Hydatidosis is a parasitic disease, endemic in various parts of the World. It frequently involves liver and lungs and, rarely, other organs as well. Isolated renal hydatidosis is a rare entity that accounts for less than 3% of all hydatid cases. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. We hereby report a case of isolated renal hydatid cyst involving left kidney that was managed by laparoscopic approach.