With this method CI is feasible even in cases of concurrent chronic otitis media or canal wall down situation. We are in favour of a staged procedure, nevertheless a simultaneous STP and CI is justifiable in individual patients.

 Signaling molecules such as cytokines and interleukins are key mediators for the immune response in responding to internal or external stimuli. Homeopathically prepared signaling molecules have been used therapeutically for about five decades. However, these types of products are not available in many countries and their usage by homoeopaths is also infrequent. The aim of this scoping review is to map the available pre-clinical and clinical data related to the therapeutic use of homeopathically prepared signaling molecules.

 We conducted a scoping review of clinical and pre-clinical studies of therapeutically used signaling molecules that have been prepared in accordance with an officially recognized homeopathic pharmacopoeia. Articles in peer-reviewed journals reporting original clinical or pre-clinical research of homeopathically prepared signaling molecules such as interleukins, cytokines, antibodies, growth factors, neuropeptides and hormones, were eligible. Non-English language papers were excluded,y perspective, these substances appear to have therapeutic potential. Further steps to explore this potential are warranted.

 This scoping review found that there is a body of evidence on the use of homeopathically prepared signaling molecules. From a homeopathy perspective, these substances appear to have therapeutic potential. Further steps to explore this potential are warranted.

The number of long term cancer survivors during childhood or adolescence is increasing steadily. Survivors often suffer from physical or psychosocial long term effects. There is currently little data on the arrangement of long term aftercare in the field of psychosocial care.

In November 2017 a questionnaire was sent to 1900 cancer survivors aged between 18 and 35 years whose diagnosis dated at least five years prior. The obtained data serve as a condition and needs assessment, how the (psychosocial) long-term aftercare is perceived by the survivors and what else is desired. The analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics as well as the calculation of bivariate correlations.

The response rate was 54.9% (n=1.043). The median interval from the first diagnosis was 20 years. In total 666 survivors (63.9%) stated that they suffered from at least one long term effect. Within this, especially neurocognitive themes played a role. 87.2% of the respondents had the feeling that they had overcome the illnesAusbau von Versorgungsstrukturen im Bereich der Neurokognition und Psychotherapie ist für die langfristige Sicherstellung von Partizipation wünschenswert.

Eine stärkere patientenorientierte Ausrichtung der derzeitigen Versorgungs- und Beratungsangebote könnte die Situation von Langzeitüberlebenden noch verbessern. Zentral sind hierbei der Zugang zu gezielten Informationen, eine psychosoziale und sozialrechtliche Betreuung sowie der Zugang zu Beratungs- und Versorgungsangeboten. Auch der Auf- und Ausbau von Versorgungsstrukturen im Bereich der Neurokognition und Psychotherapie ist für die langfristige Sicherstellung von Partizipation wünschenswert.

In addition to widely used basic hygiene measures in school, school closures are applied to contain SARS-CoV-2 spread, although the effect on the pandemic is unclear. We proposed a simple approach to disentangle the effect of school closures from other lockdown measures on the pandemic course based on publicly available data in Germany.

We used data on the number of SARS-CoV-2 cases from the onset of the pandemic to 14th April 2021. We compared the proportion of children (5-14 years old) in all cases prior to the lockdown measures, including school closure, to that during a ten-week lockdown in Germany. The total number of paediatric cases occurring during lockdown was compared to the number expected in absence of school closures. The latter was calculated based on the actual weekly number of all cases and the pre-lockdown proportion of paediatric cases.

The proportion of children in all cases was 2.3 percentage points lower at the nadir than the proportion before the lockdown. The estimated total number of paediatric cases prevented by school closures was estimated at 13,246 amounting to 24% of the expected cases in absence of school closures.

School closure during the winter lockdown reduced the number of expected SARS-CoV-2 cases in children in absence of school closures. The contribution of these prevented cases to the total population incidence is small. These data might provide the basis to model the effect of school closures in addition to basic hygiene measures on the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.

School closure during the winter lockdown reduced the number of expected SARS-CoV-2 cases in children in absence of school closures. The contribution of these prevented cases to the total population incidence is small. These data might provide the basis to model the effect of school closures in addition to basic hygiene measures on the course of the COVID-19 pandemic.Background Very rare tumors (VRT) in children and adolescents have such a low incidence that until recently, they have not been integrated into the clinical and scientific network of pediatric oncology. Data is very limited and consistent treatment strategies are missing. Thus, VRTs are classic orphan diseases. To counteract this problem, the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Seltene Tumorerkrankungen in der Pädiatrie (STEP) was founded. Here we report on patient recruitment during the first 10 years. Patients Patients aged up to 18 years and not included in any other clinical trial or GPOH registry were included in this analysis. Methods Data was collected from 2008 to 2018 by means of a standardized form. The recorded diagnoses were descriptively analyzed focusing on histology, localization, and year of report. Results A total of 623 patients with VRTs were registered. During 2008-2014, the annual number of registrations was around 40 and is around 90 since 2015. Most frequent diagnoses included tumors of the skin (n=150), tumors of the gastrointestinal tract (n=102), tumors of the gonads (n=77), the ENT region (n=68), and miscellaneous tumors (n=107). Discussion With the establishment of central structures for clinical consultation and documentation of VRTs, the number of registrations increased. Comprehensively, VRTs are as common as other classic pediatric oncology tumors, but extremely heterogeneous in terms of localization, histology, and prognosis. By a centralized and complete registration and analysis of VRTs, also in collaboration with international partners, it is possible to develop treatment strategies and thus greatly increase treatment quality.Orbital trauma is a common medical emergency with potentially sight-threatening complications. Due to the confined orbital conditions, any direct injury or space-consuming lesion may cause serious tissue damage. Possible complications are orbital fractures, foreign body injuries, development of orbital compartment syndrome and traumatic optic neuropathy. Clinical signs include periorbital hematoma or emphysema, subconjunctival hemorrhage, proptosis, decreased ocular mobility, decreased vision, increased intraocular pressure and relative afferent pupillary defect. Ophthalmic status and low-dose CT-imaging provide key information regarding the therapeutic decision. Treatment options include surgical exploration, reconstruction or decompression or a conservative approach with anti-inflammatory or anti-glaucomatous medication. Rapid interdisciplinary diagnostics and therapy is critical for early detection and prevention of irreversible functional loss respectively. Considering the frequent association with life-threatening comorbidities diagnosis may be complicated.Computer tomography (CT) and magnet resonance imaging (MRI) are valuable imaging tools in order to examine various pathologies of the visual pathways. The advantage of CT is its short acquisition time of a few minutes, its availability making it an ideal tool in emergency medicine. It is extremely valuable in patients with cranio-cerebral trauma when an orbital or skull fracture or an intracerebral haemorrhage has to be assessed. In addition, CT-Angiography is used in the management of patients with an acute stroke. CT is mandatory to visualize the orbit in many conditions. The most important disadvantage is its use of ionizing radiation. Thus, CT is contraindicated in pregnant woman. Contrast of soft tissue as brain tissue is inferior compared to MRI. The latter has a high sensitivity in visualizing all kind of brain pathologies including tumours, inflammatory conditions or brain oedema as a result of a stroke. In contrast to CT, MRI (without contrast agent) can be used in pregnant women. The disadvantages of MRI are its long acquisition time, its contraindication in patients with metallic implants including pacemaker and its low resolution of bony tissue. Both imaging tools are often used in a complementary way in many orbital diseases, pathologies affecting bony structures, pathologies with calcifications and in stroke patients.Benign tumors of the eyelids are manifold. They can severely impair the anatomical unit of upper and lower eyelid, which basically serves to protect the eyeball. Furthermore, they can induce reduction of visual acuity or cause a subjectively more or less strong aesthetic disturbance of appearance. Patients may visit the ophthalmologist by themselves or referred by a dermatologist or a general practitioner. Therefore, knowledge of the clinical signs and symptoms of benign tumors are mandatory to discriminate against malign tumors or to identify possible associated disease. In this article, the incidence, clinic, risk factors, symptomatology, histopathologic features, and probabilities of malignant transformation and recurrence of the most common benign eyelid tumors are presented. KN-93 clinical trial Objective of this article is to illustrate when to do further work-up to rule out systemic disease and when to do biopsy to rule out malignancy. Finally, the publication is giving an outlook on the use of artificial intelligence to diagnose lid tumors in the future.The early stage of a keratoconus (KC), without classic and characteristic clinical findings, is a contraindication for refractive surgery. This article therefore shows, in accordance with the current state of the art, ways of identifying risk factors for subclinical keratoconus.After delimitation, this publication contains a current summary of epidemiology, etiology and pathophysiology of subclinical and clinical KC. Furthermore, an overview of different grading scales is given. A detailed description of several practical possibilities for detection of subclinical KC is the focus of this publication typical abnormalities with subclinical KC in ocular aberrometry, corneal topography, Zernike analysis, Fourier analysis, indices of the corneal anterior surface; especially tomography of the anterior segment of the eye respecting addition of the corneal posterior surface and the pachymetry, and also innovative techniques counting in the rigidity or biomechanical properties, as well as traditional techniques giving hints for subclinical KC as retinoscopy, ophthalmoscopy and subjective refraction.