Using a multiple mediation path analysis, results indicated that early childhood trauma was significantly linked with impulsivity, alcohol use severity, and sexual victimization in later life. A partial mediation through impulsivity and alcohol use severity was observed. Alexithymia did not produce mediation effects. These findings align with previous research examining how early childhood trauma influences the occurrence of sexual victimization in later life and provides further recommendations for helping professionals as they attempt to stifle the sexual victimization rates among female college students.

Drug and alcohol consumption are often associated with trauma-related injuries. Various studies have been conducted which have shown the benefits of screening and brief intervention (SBI) tools for alcohol consumption. Despite their success, there are few SBI tools utilized for substance use and minimal reports of computerized versions. We hypothesized that a computerized SBI tool for drug use would be effective at identifying patients at risk of substance abuse in a trauma setting.

This was a prospective evaluation of a computerized alcohol and drug screening and brief intervention survey derived from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The survey was given to all eligible trauma patients at UCI’s Level 1 trauma facility between February 2019 and March 2020. Based on self-reported answers, a substance involvement (SI) score was generated which classified a patient’s drug abuse risk as none (0), low (1-3), moderate (4-26), or high (27+). Statistical tests were then used to examine associations between dstudies to evaluate for improved screening and targeted intervention are warranted.

The analysis shows that the electronic survey identifies patients at risk of drug abuse, allowing for real-time intervention. Furthermore, it is granular enough to specify at-risk groups. However, a lower self-reported rate, as expected, was elucidated. Further studies to evaluate for improved screening and targeted intervention are warranted.ObjectivesMexican Americans live longer on average than other ethnic groups, but often with protracted cognitive and physical disability. Little is known, however, about the role of cognitive decline for transitions in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability and tertiary outcomes of the IADL disablement for the oldest old (after 80 years old). Methods We employ the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (2010-2011, 2012-2013, and 2016, N = 1,078) to investigate the longitudinal patterns of IADL decline using latent transition analysis. Results Three IADL groups were identified independent (developing mobility limitations), emerging dependence (limited mobility and community activities), and dependent (limited mobility and household and community activities). Declines in cognitive function were a consistent predictor of greater IADL disablement, and loneliness was a particularly salient distal outcome for emerging dependence. Discussion These results highlight the social consequences of cognitive decline and dependency as well as underscore important areas of intervention at each stage of the disablement process.

Autistic women with average or above intellectual abilities are often overlooked clinically or identified at older ages compared to autistic males. Their experiences can provide insight into the socio-cultural factors that impact on how they develop and are seen by others. This study asked autistic women to describe the culture around them and explore how this has influenced their lived experiences. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight autistic women without a co-occurring diagnosis of intellectual disabilities. These were used for interpretative phenomenological analysis. Overall, we found three closely connected themes on the pervasive influence of cultural values on autistic women, how autistic women define themselves and the importance of connecting with society. These findings suggest that dominant cultural beliefs, values and norms effect how autistic women are recognised by others and develop their sense of self. Broadening how people think about autistic women in society a self. Broadening how people think about autistic women in society and clinically may benefit how we identify and support autistic women.

The management of hip fracture patients has been challenging across the UK in the wake of emergency coronavirus disease 2019 guidelines.

This retrospective, observational cohort study analyses the impact of the first lockdown during the early part of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the management of hip fracture patients at a district general hospital in the UK.

Comparative analysis to assess hip fracture patients treated at this Trust between 1 April to 31 May 2019 and 1 April to 31 May 2020 was undertaken. The primary outcome measures appraised were 30 and 60-day mortality and the secondary outcome measure included time to surgery.

There was a higher 30 and 60-day mortality rate in the first lockdown period at 8.1% and 13.5%, respectively, compared to 1.96% and 5.88% in 2019. A significantly lower proportion of hip fracture patients at 59.46% were operated within the 36h target time frame during the first lockdown.

In our Trust, hip fractures were treated as obligatory injuries. However, the mortality was higher in the 2020 cohort with a significant reduction in patients achieving the recommended ’36 hours‘ time to surgery target and accruement of Best Practice Tariff. Enhanced infection control strategies have prepared us for the future.

In our Trust, hip fractures were treated as obligatory injuries. However, the mortality was higher in the 2020 cohort with a significant reduction in patients achieving the recommended ’36 hours‘ time to surgery target and accruement of Best Practice Tariff. Enhanced infection control strategies have prepared us for the future.

This research involved the parents of ADHD students to explore how their children coped with online distance learning during COVID-19 pandemic and what implications this schooling method had on their emotional and behavioral well-being.

Data were collected during lockdown using an online questionnaire addressed to 100 mothers and were compared with 184 matched controls from a national survey launched in the same period.

Attention span, spontaneous commitment, and autonomy in distance learning was found to be more limited in ADHD group. Compared to controls, 21.7% of ADHD students were not assessed and 40.9% did not receive grades. Behavioral changes were reported in both groups (64.2%), represented mainly by restlessness, aggressiveness, and anxiety.

Distance education increases academic difficulties, especially in ADHD pupils. The effects of lockdown should be adequately evaluated upon school reopening and appropriate recovery interventions should be planned.

Distance education increases academic difficulties, especially in ADHD pupils. The effects of lockdown should be adequately evaluated upon school reopening and appropriate recovery interventions should be planned.The consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) has many health benefits, yet the majority of the world’s population, including young children, consume less than recommended. This article provides caregivers‘ perspectives on cultural determinants of F&V consumption in children in Fiji. A qualitative study design using focus group discussions with caregivers of children aged 6 months to 5 years old in Suva was used. Thematic content analysis was undertaken to identify common issues using 4 main themes. Subthemes were further analyzed from the broad themes to understand caregiver’s perceptions. Caregivers perceived that meal components lacked F&V and food preparation and cooking methods of F&V did not stimulate children’s appetite. Non-vegetable products such as meat and fish were perceived as more valued and privileged for those consuming them. Understanding cultural determinants as perceived by caregivers is important to inform strategies to increase F&V consumption in children.The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) Treatment Process Index (TPI) is a measure of treatment amenability based on an index of factors related to poor treatment outcomes (e.g., hostility, lack of social support, and poor impulse control). In this study, the formula used to calculate the TPI for the adult PAI was applied to PAI-Adolescent (PAI-As) protoocols completed by 372 adolescents (mean age 16.8 years; 80% male) during a 22-week residential program for at-risk youth. The number of disciplinary infractions received during the program was used as an indicator of the participants‘ response to the program. Average PAI-A scale scores and TPI scores were higher than those previously reported for community samples, but lower than those found in clinical samples. TPI scores were positively associated with disciplinary infractions, particularly nonaggressive infractions, when controlling for demographic factors and other clinically relevant variables. Results suggest that the the TPI has relevance for adolescents completing the PAI-A.There is an urgent requirement to treat cellulose present in papermaking black liquor since it induces severe economic wastes and causes environmental pollution. We characterized cellulase activity at different temperatures and pH to seek thermo-alkali-stable cellulase-producing bacteria, a natural consortium of Serratia sp. AXJ-M and Arthrobacter sp. AXJ-M1 was used to improve the degradation of cellulose. Notably, the enzyme activities and the degradation rate of cellulose were increased by 30%-70% and 30% after co-culture, respectively. In addition, the addition of cosubstrates increased the degradation rate of cellulose beyond 30%. The thermo-alkali-stable endoglucanase (bcsZ) gene was derived from the strain AXJ-M and was cloned and expressed. The purified bcsZ displayed the maximum activity at 70 °C and pH 9. Mn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Tween-20 had beneficial effects on the enzyme activity. LiCl Structurally, bcsZ potentially catalyzed the degradation of cellulose. The co-culture with ligninolytic activities significantly decreased target the parameters (cellulose 45% and COD 95%) while using the immobilized fluidized bed reactors (FBRs). Finally, toxicological tests and antioxidant enzyme activities indicated that the co-culture had a detoxifying effect on black liquor. Our study showed that Serratia sp. AXJ-M acts synergistically with Arthrobacter sp. AXJ-M1 may be potentially useful for bioremediation for black liquor.The germination index (GI) was widely applied to evaluate the phytotoxicity of compost. This study investigated the key phytotoxicity factors affecting seed germination in compost by using aqueous extracts in seed germination tests. The relationship between water-soluble substances in compost and seed germination, and their association with the microbial community were identified. In this study, sheep manure (SM) composted along or with three carbon additives (mushroom substrate, MS; cornstalks, CS; garden substrate, GS) for 49 days and, during this time, changes in multiple physical-chemical parameters, carbon and nitrogen matters, germination indexes (GI) and the compost microbiome were monitored. The results showed that all additives decreased water-soluble total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and low molecular weight organic acids, and significantly improved the seed germination indexes (seed germination rate, radical length and GI). The GI was correlated with water-soluble carbon degradation products (TOC, butyric acid, humic acid) and certain bacteria (Planifilum, Oceanobacillus, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_005 and Saccharomonospora).